Abstract:The automation and intelligence development of substations, which operate in an unmanned manner, can reduce the manpower of power supply enterprises on the one hand; On the other hand, it can promote high production of electricity, which is beneficial to the improvement of the economic benefits of power enterprises themselves. As for the current development status of unmanned substations in power enterprises, although unmanned substations in various regions are flourishing, there is a lack of standardized and unified management mode. This phenomenon not only hinders the development of intelligent substations, but also hinders the full play of substation efficiency. In view of this, we explore the operation and maintenance management mode and its development of unmanned substations.

KeywordsNo one on duty; Substation; Operation and maintenance management mode

With the continuous enhancement of automation in substations, on the one hand, it reduces the manpower of power enterprises, and on the other hand, it improves the efficiency of power production; But there have also been some issues with unmanned operation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a reasonable analysis of the operation and maintenance management mode of the substation, in order to gain some experience and choose the appropriate management mode.

1. Analysis of Operation and Maintenance Management Mode of Unmanned Substation

At present, the operation and maintenance management of unmanned substations is in a developing stage, and the management mode is also showing diversified development. The commonly used operation and maintenance management modes mainly include three combined management modes: "dispatch station+operation team", "dispatch station+monitoring center+operation team", and "dispatch station+centralized control center". These three management modes have different characteristics and applicable situations. The following is a specific analysis of these three unmanned substation operation and maintenance management modes.

1.1 Analysis of the Operation and Maintenance Management Mode of "Dispatch Center+Operation Team"

The role of the dispatch station is to monitor the operation of unmanned substations in real time through relevant communication monitoring equipment, and if necessary, perform remote operations appropriately to ensure the normal operation of the substations. The role of the operation team is to regularly inspect and maintain the substation, and once safety hazards are discovered, relevant measures will be taken immediately for maintenance. Not only that, when the dispatch center detects abnormal operation of the substation in the monitoring, in addition to basic remote operations, it also transmits the abnormal information to the operation team, and the operation team carries out corresponding maintenance work according to the dispatch instructions. Generally speaking, this management mode is very convenient, with all monitoring, remote control, and scheduling instructions being handled by the dispatch office. It is conducive to coordinating the cooperation with the operation team, improving work efficiency, and facilitating the development of operation and maintenance management work. However, it cannot be denied that the dispatch team has responsibilities, assumes responsibilities, and has a large workload. They have strict requirements for the professional and personal qualities of dispatchers, and are prone to errors in their work. This not only does not promote the overall operation and maintenance management work, but also lowers the quality of management, which is not conducive to the normal operation and rapid development of substations.

1.2 Analysis of the Operation and Maintenance Management Mode of "Dispatch Center+Monitoring Center+Operation Team"

The characteristic of this mode is that there is an independent monitoring center, and all monitoring work is fully executed by the monitoring center, which is also responsible for some necessary remote control operations. The role of the operation team is no different from the "dispatch station+operation team" model, and maintenance is carried out according to orders. It can be said that the monitoring center and the operation team cooperate with each other to complete the operation, maintenance, and management work. The number of operating personnel in the monitoring center should also be increased by 8, and they can be divided into 4 groups of 2 people each. If these personnel need to manage multiple substations, the number of operating personnel should be correspondingly increased. The monitoring work is completed by the monitoring center. After an accident occurs, the comprehensive effect of analysis and judgment is relatively good, which helps to discover problems in a timely manner. However, due to the limited opportunities for on-site operation by staff, many people are not familiar with the equipment on site, which will inevitably increase the difficulty of accurately analyzing and judging signals. To solve this situation, communication between monitoring personnel and specific operators can be increased.

1.3 Operation and maintenance of "dispatch center+centralized control center"

The characteristic of this operating mode is to divide all substations that need to be monitored and managed according to geographical location and quantity. Each centralized control station has a fixed monitoring and remote control management scope, and is responsible for the daily and maintenance work of the substations, including receiving instructions from the dispatch center, carrying out a series of fault handling and maintenance work. The management of the centralized control station is the responsibility of the substation operation work area. The centralized control station has completed the main part of the work content. The number of monitoring personnel at each centralized control station should be increased by about 6, and they can also be divided into 3 groups of 2 people each. Reasonable personnel allocation can be utilized, such as conducting monitoring operations through team day shifts or other personnel, which can reduce manpower and increase efficiency. Due to the fact that monitoring and specific operations are carried out by the centralized control station, this will inevitably increase the labor intensity of the staff, and the phenomenon of staff fatigue is prone to occur. This situation can be addressed by increasing the number of personnel appropriately. The centralized control station is the main department responsible for managing specific monitoring personnel. They are familiar with the specific equipment situation of the substation under their jurisdiction, which helps them accurately analyze and judge various signals. When abnormal accidents occur, the distance between monitoring personnel and operators is close, which facilitates their communication and greatly improves the response speed of accidents.

2. Development direction of operation and maintenance management of unmanned substations in regional power grids

2.1 Further promote the application of remote control function

The main responsibility of the operation personnel in the control center is to monitor multiple unmanned substations. Therefore, it is required that the operation personnel have rich work experience and high technical level. By adopting some technological means, the work pressure of the operation personnel can be reduced and the work efficiency can be improved. For example, automatic voltage control can be used to achieve automatic control of devices such as capacitors and on load tap changers, keeping the voltage within the normal range. For primary and secondary circuits that meet relevant technical conditions, remote operation can be carried out. GIS equipment that is running well can be switched from operation to cold standby for remote control. Secondary circuits such as reclosing pressure plates and high-frequency protection pressure plates can be remotely switched on and off.

2.2. Development and improvement of relevant regulations for remote control channels in automation systems

Intensify efforts to improve and optimize the remote communication equipment of the substation comprehensive automation system, and carry out capacity expansion processing. The remote control channels of the unmanned substation comprehensive automation system should be reasonably set according to the scheduling end to meet the relevant needs of unmanned substation operation and maintenance management and scale changes and adjustments.

2.3. Formulation and improvement of relevant systems

The effective application of unmanned operation mode in substations can transform the tangible management of substations into intangible management, and the scope of authority of each unit can be effectively clarified. In order to ensure that personnel in each position can do their own work well, it is necessary to establish rules and regulations that are compatible with the unmanned operation mode of substations, and reform the operating procedures, maintenance systems, operation systems, and inspection systems. This is also one of the ways to do a good job in the construction of unmanned substations.

3. Selection of Ankerui Substation Operation and Maintenance Cloud Platform and Hardware

3.1 Introduction to Cloud Platform

With the gradual promotion and implementation of the national power grid reform policy, the ordinary offline operation and maintenance mode can no longer meet market demand, and there is an urgent need to support intelligent online operation and maintenance management and service platforms, such as the AcrelCloud-1000 substation operation and maintenance cloud platform According to market demand feedback, the Internet and big data technology are used to provide supporting online operation and maintenance services for power operation and maintenance companies. As a link between operation and maintenance units and power consumption enterprises, the platform monitors the operation status and power data of user distribution systems to provide better operation and maintenance services for customers. The platform provides system overview, power data monitoring, power quality analysis, power consumption statistical analysis and daily/monthly/annual power statistical reports, abnormal early warning, accident alarm and event recording, operation environment monitoring, operation and maintenance patrol dispatching and other functions, and supports multi platform and multi terminal data access.

3.2. Application location:

（1） Electric power operation and maintenance enterprises;

（2） Chain commerce and stores;

（3） Property management companies;

（4） Group enterprises;

（5） The supervisory unit of the institution;

（6） Smart Community,

3.3 Platform Structure

3.4 Main functions of the platform

3.5. Cloud Platform Configuration

On site hardware configuration

4. Conclusion

In short, with the continuous attention of the country to the development of the power industry, there will be more and more unmanned substations in China. How to effectively solve the problems encountered in the operation and maintenance management of unmanned substations and how to further standardize the operation and maintenance management of unmanned substations have become urgent tasks for various power enterprises. On the basis of fully understanding the various operation and maintenance management modes of unmanned substations, we actively learn and introduce some operation and maintenance management modes of unmanned substations from abroad, so as to ensure the safe and reliable operation of unmanned substations and promote the improvement of economic benefits of power enterprises.