In recent years, high-voltage transmission line lightning arresters have played a significant role in reducing circuit breaker tripping caused by lightning strikes on transmission lines, and have been widely used. The performance of MOA lightning arresters directly affects the safe operation of power systems. Due to the long-term exposure to high power frequency voltage, MOA lightning arresters will gradually age and may experience breakdown damage during operation, resulting in a decrease in protection characteristics and extremely serious consequences. To ensure the safe operation of MOA lightning arresters, strict monitoring must be carried out.

At present, the method of monitoring MOA lightning arresters uses power station type lightning arrester monitors for online monitoring. However, due to the remote location of the transmission line and the fact that the lightning arrester monitors are installed at high tower heights, it is not conducive to the economic and safe operation of the transmission line to inspect the parameters or meter reading of the lightning arrester, which requires high labor intensity and power outage application. Therefore, a monitoring method that is "online, real-time, remote, intelligent, and reliable" must be adopted.