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The groundwater level monitoring station is the core facility for monitoring changes in regional groundwater resources. Through standardized deployment and automated monitoring, it provides continuous and reliable data support for water resource management. The core equipment of the monitoring station includes an input type water level gauge, a data collector, and a power supply system. The input type water level gauge adopts the principle of piezoresistive sensing, with a measurement range of 0-100m and an accuracy of ± 0.1% FS. It can be directly input into the monitoring well to collect real-time water level data, with a data resolution of 1mm, and can capture subtle fluctuations in groundwater.

In the groundwater monitoring network of the North China Plain, the monitoring stations are arranged according to the density of one station every 5 square kilometers, and the data collector records the water level data every hour, which is uploaded to the regional water resources supervision platform through GPRS network. Different construction plans are adopted for monitoring stations based on different geological conditions: PVC material monitoring wells are selected in the loose aquifer area, with a depth of 5m below the groundwater layer; diamond drill bits are used for drilling in the bedrock fissure water area to ensure effective connection between the monitoring well and the aquifer. The monitoring station has good environmental adaptability, and the shell is made of anti-corrosion stainless steel material, which can work normally in saline alkali areas. In low-temperature environments, the built-in heating module ensures stable operation of the equipment above -20 ℃.

Monitoring data is not only used for dynamic analysis of groundwater levels, but also provides a basis for groundwater extraction control. A monitoring station in Hengshui, Hebei Province once monitored a daily average drop of 2cm in groundwater level for 15 consecutive days. Based on this, the regulatory authorities promptly shut down three self owned water wells in the surrounding area to avoid excessive dewatering of the aquifer. The monitoring station needs to undergo on-site calibration once a month, comparing manual measurements with instrument data to ensure that the error is controlled within 5mm. The original monitoring data needs to be saved for more than 10 years to provide historical basis for groundwater resource evaluation.