The portable water quality biotoxicity detector is a new generation of acute toxicity analyzer used in laboratories. It is a toxicity detection system based on biological fluorescence sensing technology, which qualitatively and quantitatively detects the changes in luminescence intensity of luminescent bacteria during metabolism. Compared with traditional biological detection methods such as fish, water fleas, and other aquatic organisms, the luminescent bacteria method is simple, fast, sensitive, adaptable, repeatable, accurate, low-cost, and widely used. It is a water toxicity rapid detection instrument designed for environmental pollution, emergency accidents, security checks, and routine testing purposes, and can be used for overall toxicity detection of heavy metals, toxic agents, nerve agents, pesticide formulations, and other substances in water on site.