Building energy-saving detection equipment usually adopts a modular design architecture, mainly composed of sensor networks, signal conditioning circuits, data processing units, and human-computer interaction interfaces. Taking thermal imaging as an example, it uses the principle of infrared radiation to capture the temperature distribution differences on the surface of buildings, and with the help of laser ranging modules, can accurately calculate the heat transfer coefficient (U value) of the enclosure structure. For the detection of air permeability, the principle of pressure difference method is used to create a controllable positive and negative pressure environment in a closed space, and the gas exchange rate is monitored in real time through a flow sensor. More advanced systems will also integrate IoT technology to achieve synchronous collection of multiple parameters, such as dynamic correlation analysis between environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, light intensity, CO2 concentration, and electricity consumption.
The data processing link adopts the edge computing and cloud collaboration mode. The front-end device completes the preprocessing of the raw data (filtering and denoising, baseline correction), and then uploads the structured dataset to the management platform for deep learning modeling. For example, by pattern recognition of historical energy consumption curves, abnormal energy consumption periods can be located and associated with weather factors; Combining the spatial information of BIM models, it is also possible to generate three-dimensional heat maps to visually display energy loss paths. This hierarchical processing mechanism ensures real-time response speed and enhances data analysis depth.
Measurement steps for building energy-saving testing equipment:
1. Preliminary preparation
-Understand the testing object and purpose: clarify the building parts, equipment or systems to be tested, as well as specific testing indicators, such as the heat transfer coefficient of the enclosure structure, the energy efficiency ratio of the equipment, etc. At the same time, be familiar with relevant standards, specifications, and testing requirements.
-Choose appropriate testing equipment: Based on the requirements of the testing project, select instruments and equipment that meet the accuracy requirements, have been calibrated, and are within their validity period. For example, measuring air volume can choose an anemometer; Infrared thermal imagers and heat flow meters can be used to test the insulation performance of pipelines.
-On site investigation and layout: Inspect the testing site, determine the reasonable location of the testing points, and ensure that they can represent the overall situation of the tested area. For some devices that require the installation of sensors or probes, they should be installed and fixed according to the correct method.
2. Data collection
-Stable operating conditions: If testing equipment that is currently running, wait for it to enter a stable working state before starting to collect data. For example, fans, air conditioning units, etc., it is necessary to ensure that they operate at rated load for a period of time to stabilize various parameters.
-Multi point measurement and repeated measurement: In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of data, it is usually necessary to measure multiple points under the same conditions and take the average of multiple repeated measurements. For example, when using a heat flux meter to measure the heat transfer rate of a wall, multiple measuring points can be set at different positions, and each measuring point can be measured multiple times.
-Record environmental parameters: In addition to directly measuring the target parameters, it is also necessary to synchronously record the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure at that time, as these factors may affect the detection results.
3. Data analysis and processing
-Data filtering and correction: Remove obvious abnormal data points and process unreasonable data caused by interference and other factors. At the same time, according to the equipment manual and relevant standards, necessary corrections should be made to the original data, such as considering the system errors of the instrument.
-Calculation and evaluation: Calculate the collected data according to the corresponding formulas and methods to obtain the required detection results. For example, calculating the energy efficiency ratio of equipment by measuring parameters such as input power and cooling (heating) capacity; Calculate the energy consumption index of the building based on the data measured by the heat flow meter combined with factors such as area. Then compare the calculation results with the standard values to evaluate whether the energy-saving performance of the building or equipment meets the requirements.