09,18,2026 10 views
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In the fields of water conservancy, transportation, mining and other engineering, the stability of slopes is directly related to engineering safety. Slope monitoring settlement and horizontal displacement observation are like frontier "sentinels", guarding the geological environment safety around the project in real time. Whether it is the bank slope of the dam storage area, the mountain slope next to the highway, or the slope around the building foundation pit, once settlement or horizontal displacement exceeds the standard, it may cause catastrophic consequences such as landslides and collapses. Therefore, accurate observation work is a line of defense to prevent risks.
The occurrence of slope settlement and horizontal displacement is influenced by multiple factors. Geological conditions are the foundation, and the stability of slopes in areas with weak rock and soil layers and fault fracture zones is inherently poor; Rainfall infiltration can soften the rock and soil mass, increase its own weight, and reduce its shear strength, which is the main external factor inducing displacement; Earthquakes, explosions, and other dynamic effects can cause significant instantaneous displacement of slopes, while human engineering activities such as excavation and loading can alter the stress state of slopes and directly induce deformation. Observation work needs to combine these factors and set up targeted monitoring plans to improve the accuracy of data interpretation.
The commonly used observation methods have their own applicable scenarios, forming complementary monitoring systems. The total station polar coordinate method is the mainstream means of horizontal displacement observation, which calculates displacement by measuring the three-dimensional coordinate changes of monitoring points. During observation, it is necessary to ensure that the intersection angle is between 60 ° and 120 ° to improve accuracy. GNSS real-time dynamic monitoring technology is suitable for large-scale slope monitoring and can achieve 24-hour uninterrupted data collection, especially in remote mountainous areas or adverse weather conditions. Its millimeter level accuracy can timely capture early small deformations of slopes.
Settlement observation often adopts a combination of leveling measurement method and settlement instrument. Leveling measurement establishes an elevation control network and regularly measures the elevation changes of monitoring points, which is suitable for slope surface settlement observation; The settlement meter monitors the settlement at different depths inside the slope by burying deep settlement markers, providing a basis for determining the position of the sliding surface of the slope. For high and steep slopes, drone aerial survey combined with 3D modeling technology can be used to visually present the overall displacement trend of the slope through model comparison at different periods.
The analysis and application of observation data is the core of achieving safety warning. By drawing a displacement time curve, analyze the rate of displacement change and cumulative value, and immediately initiate response measures when the data exceeds the warning threshold. During the monitoring of a certain highway slope, it was observed that the daily horizontal displacement reached 5mm. The system issued an orange warning, and the construction party promptly took anchor rod support and reinforcement measures, successfully avoiding landslide accidents. Long term observation data can also provide a basis for slope treatment design, by analyzing the correlation between displacement and triggering factors, optimizing support schemes, and improving the long-term stability of slopes.
The value of slope monitoring settlement and horizontal displacement observation lies not only in risk prevention and control, but also in promoting the scientific construction of engineering projects. In the monitoring of slope in the dam reservoir area, observation data can support the resettlement planning of the reservoir area; In mining slope monitoring, it can provide reference for optimizing mining schemes. With the continuous development of monitoring technology, the automation level and data accuracy of observation equipment continue to improve, making the protection of this cutting-edge "sentinel" more precise and efficient, and safeguarding the safety construction and operation of various projects.
