09,22,2026 17 views
What are the hazards of ionizing radiation?
When radiation is irradiated on living organisms, it interacts with substances such as cells, tissues, and body fluids, causing atomic or molecular ionization of the substances. As a result, it can directly damage certain large molecular structures in the body, such as breaking protein chains, ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid, damaging enzymes that are important for substance metabolism, and even directly damaging cell structures.
Radiation can form some free radicals through the widespread presence of water molecules in the ionizer, and damage the body indirectly through the action of these free radicals. The pathogenesis of radiation injury is the same as other diseases. After pathogenic factors act on the body, in addition to causing changes at the molecular and cellular levels, they can also produce a series of secondary effects, ultimately leading to organ level disorders and even overall level changes. In clinical practice, the signs and symptoms of radiation injury can appear. The damage to human cells is limited to the individual itself, causing somatic effects. And the damage to reproductive cells affects the offspring of the irradiated individual, resulting in genetic effects. Individual or small amounts of radiation damage to cells (mainly chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, etc.) can lead to random effects, which may induce malignant diseases such as cancer, leukemia, and genetic disorders. Radiation can cause non random effects such as dermatitis, hair loss, and leukopenia by damaging a large number of cells. Severe excessive radiation can lead to death.
Due to the inability to see, touch, or smell radiation, its pollution to the environment and harm to the public and society cannot be detected in a timely manner, resulting in significant losses. Therefore, while utilizing radiation, we must also effectively carry out radiation safety protection and environmental monitoring work. It mainly includes the following aspects:
Site monitoring and nuclear emergency monitoring.The 451P pressurized ionization chamber rangefinder is designed to measure radiation leakage and scattering around X-ray diagnostic equipment and radiation therapy equipment, and can be widely used in the fields of medicine and health physics. At the same time, the 451P pressurized ionization chamber monitoring instrument is also an ideal instrument for on-site ionizing radiation measurement. Therefore, X-ray manufacturers, government agencies, national inspectors, research laboratory personnel, and biomedical technicians often use it for baggage inspection and equipment maintenance at airports.
Personal dose monitoring.Portable personal dose alarm is a high-precision, high-performance intelligent instrument that can be used for personal protection and environmental measurement. The radiation detected by this instrument mainly includes X-rays, gamma rays, and hard beta rays. This instrument is particularly suitable for nuclear power plants, accelerators, isotope applications, industrial X-ray and gamma ray non-destructive testing, nuclear and radiation medicine, and personal protection and dose measurement in natural environments.
environmental monitoring.The environmental level radiation dose rate uses large-sized NaI (Tl) scintillation crystals as detectors, mainly used for measuring the absorption dose rate of low radiation level environmental radiation X and gamma air, and searching for radiation sources. Applicable to departments such as environmental protection, disease control centers, geology and mining, medical and health, nuclear power plants, public safety and nuclear emergency, national security, military customs and entry-exit inspection and quarantine, railways, highways and shipping, nuclear decommissioning and decontamination.
