Metallographic standard sample - Metallographic micrograph standard sample

NegotiableUpdate on 12/08

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Overview

The standard sample for metallographic microscopy is a commonly used metal standard sample self-made by the company according to customer requirements,

Product Details

The following are the standard samples for metallographic micrographs, which are commonly self-made metal standards by the company according to customer requirements for industrial use:

serial number	material	status	organization	Instructions
（1） 9 types of iron carbon balance organizations
1	Industrial pure iron	annealing	ferrite	The white equiaxed polygonal grains are ferrite, and the dark lines are grain boundaries.
2	20 steel	annealing	Balanced microstructure of low carbon steel	The white grains are ferrite, the dark blocks are pearlite, and the layered structure of pearlite can be seen at high magnification.
3	45 steel	annealing	Balanced microstructure of medium carbon steel	Same as above, but with an increase in pearlite.
4	65 steel	annealing	Balanced microstructure of high carbon steel	The majority of the dark tissue is pearlite, while the white tissue is ferrite.
5	T8 steel	annealing	Equilibrium microstructure of eutectoid steel	The organization is entirely composed of layered pearlite, which is a eutectoid structure of ferrite and cementite.
6	T12 steel	annealing	Equilibrium microstructure of hypereutectoid steel	The matrix is layered pearlite, and the white on the grain boundaries is secondary cementite.
7	hypoeutectoid white iron	as-cast	Abnormal martensite+pearlite	The matrix is a distorted martensite with black and white alternating distribution, and the black dendritic structure is pearlite transformed from primary austenite.
8	Eutectic white cast iron	as-cast	Abnormal Lewandowski's body	White represents cementite (including eutectic cementite and secondary cementite), while black round and strip-shaped particles represent pearlite.
9	Hypereutectic white cast iron	as-cast	Abnormal martensite+cementite	The matrix is deformed ledeburite distributed in black and white, and the white Flat noodles is a cementite
（2） 14 types of heat treatment structures for steel
10	T8 steel	normalizing	Soxhlet body	Solzhenite is a fine pearlite with small interlayer spacing
11	T8 steel	Quick cooling and normalizing	Qu's body	The martensite is extremely fine pearlite, and its layered structure is difficult to distinguish under an optical microscope. The gray white block shaped and needle shaped martensite is quenched.
12	65Mn	austempering	upper bainite	Badminton is composed of upper bainite, with a matrix of martensite or quenched martensite and residual austenite.
13	65Mn	austempering	lower bainite	The black needle like structure represents lower bainite, while the white matrix consists of quenched martensite and residual austenite.
14	20 steel	quenching	Low carbon martensite	Bundled lath is low-carbon martensite
15	T12	quenching	High carbon martensite	The dark needle like structure is martensite, and the white is residual austenite
16	45 steel	quenching	Medium carbon martensite	Black needle shaped acicular martensite with an angle of 120 degrees to each other, and the rest are lath martensite
17	T10 steel	spheroidizing annealing	Spheroidized body	The matrix is ferrite, and the white particles are cementite.
18	GCr15	Quenching and tempering	Tempered martensite	Black dots, granular carbides, and the rest are ferrites with a certain amount of saturated carbon.
19	GCr15	Quenching and tempering	Tempered martensite	The particles are carbides, while the rest are ferrites
20	T12	normalizing	Normalization organization	The white, needle like and fine network like distribution is cementite, while the rest is lamellar pearlite.
21	15 steel	Annealing after carburizing	Carburized tissue	The surface layer is a hypereutectoid structure (network cementite+pearlite), with a gradual decrease in carbon content from the surface to the interior and an increase in ferrite.
22	45 steel	boronizing	Boronized structure	The surface layer consists of a boride layer (serrated) and a transition layer, while the core is composed of a 45 steel matrix structure.
23	40Cr	Soft nitriding	Soft nitriding tissue	The surface layer consists of white and bright nitrogen compounds and a diffusion layer containing nitrogen, while the core is composed of 40Cr matrix tissue
（3） 5 types of alloy steel structures
24	high-speed steel	as-cast	Eutectic martensite+martensite+martensite	The skeletal tissue is eutectic martensite, the matrix is black martensite tissue, and the white small pieces are martensite and residual austenite
25	high-speed steel	quenching	Martensite+residual austenite+carbides	Large particles are eutectic carbides, small particles are secondary carbides, and the rest are martensite and residual austenite
26	high-speed steel	Quenching and tempering	Tempered martensite+carbide	The black matrix is tempered martensite, and the white particles are carbides
27	high-speed steel	annealing	Spheroidized pearlite	The white spherical shape is carbide, and the matrix is pearlite
28	stainless steel	solution treatment	austenite	Some austenite grains have twin planes
（4） 6 other structures of steel
29	20 steel	as-cast	Low carbon cast steel structure	The white network, needle like, and block like structures are ferrite, and the black parts are pearlite
30	T8 steel	Annealing decarburization	Surface decarburization tissue	After decarburization on the surface, this hypoeutectoid steel has pearlite in black, ferrite in white, and coarse pearlite in the core.
31	45 steel	Annealing after forging	banded structure	The white grains are ferrite, and the black stripes are pearlite, showing a clear banded distribution
32	Iron based oil bearing	powder metallurgy	Pearlite+Ferrite+Oil containing Pores	The black fingerprint is pearlite, with a small amount of white block like ferrite, and scattered small black dots are loose oil containing pores
（5） 5 types of cast iron structures
33	gray cast iron	as-cast	flaky graphite	The black sheet-like structure is graphite, and the substrate is not corroded
34	malleable cast iron	Malleable annealing	Flocculent graphite	The flocculent black tissue is graphite, and the matrix is not corroded
35	ductile cast iron	annealing	Spherical graphite+ferrite	The white grains are ferrite, and the black spheres are graphite
36	ductile cast iron	Low temperature normalizing	Spherical graphite+ferrite+pearlite	The white grains are ferrite, the layered structure is pearlite, and the black spheres are graphite
37	ductile cast iron	normalizing	Spherical graphite+pearlite	The layered structure is pearlite, and the gray spherical structure is graphite.
（6） 8 types of non-ferrous metal alloy structures
38	cast aluminum	Undeteriorated	Primary silicon grains+eutectic	The shallow polygonal grains are primary crystalline silicon, while the rest are eutectic structures of white alpha solid solution and gray needle shaped silicon
39	cast aluminum	Deterioration treatment	Initial crystal alpha solid solution+eutectic	The white dendritic or granular structure is the primary crystalline alpha solid solution, while the rest is a eutectic structure of white alpha solid solution and gray needle shaped silicon
40	H68 brass	annealing	Single phase brass structure	As an alpha phase, there are annealing twins in some grains
41	H62 Brass	as-cast	Dual phase brass structure	White is the alpha phase, black is the beta phase (CUZN based solid solution)
42	tin bronze	as-cast	Alpha phase+Delta phase	The black dendritic axis represents a copper rich solid solution (alpha phase), while the white axis represents a tin rich solid solution (delta phase)
43	Aluminum based bearing alloy	as-cast	Initial crystal β solid solution+eutectic (α+β)+copper tin compound	The white square represents the primary β solid solution, the black matrix represents the eutectic (α+β), and the white needle like and granular structures represent the copper tin compound (Cu2Sb)
44	Tin based bearing alloy	casting	Alpha phase+β phase+ε phase	The black matrix is an alpha solid solution, the white needle like and granular phases are the ε phase (Cu6Sn5), and the white block is the β phase (SnSb)
45	zinc-based alloy	casting	Primary crystal α+eutectic	The matrix is Zn, the coarse black block is the primary crystal α solid solution, and the dendritic structure is the eutectic structure
Here are 5 types of supplementary items
46	45 steel	Low carbon electrode arc welding	Wei's body+Suo's body or pearlite+ferrite	The columnar crystal structure is the weld zone, the Weibull structure is the overheated zone, and the rest are martensite, pearlite, and ferrite.
47	T12 steel	Overheated	Pearlite+carbide	Sample heating, excessive temperature leads to coarsening of crystals, oxidation of grain boundaries, and partial melting of grain boundaries into cracks
48	High phosphorus cast iron	casting	Pearlite+graphite and phosphorus eutectic	The fingerprint is pearlite, the coarse black stripes are graphite, the white is spotted, and the ones with black dots on them are phosphorus compound eutectic
49	ductile cast iron	as-cast	Spherical graphite+pearlite+ferrite	The white grains are ferrite, the layered structure is pearlite, and the black spheres are graphite
50	aluminum bronze	as-cast	Alpha phase+eutectoid+FeAL3	White is the alpha phase, the dark microstructure at the grain boundary is eutectoid (α+γ 2), and the dark color inside the crystal is FeAL3 (photo of the sample without corrosion)