1、 Sensor unit

1. Piezoelectric ceramic component

Function: As a core sensing element, piezoelectric ceramics can convert received mechanical vibrations (i.e. sound waves) into electrical signals.

Features: It has high sensitivity and wideband response characteristics, and can accurately capture sound wave signals in different frequency ranges. In addition, piezoelectric ceramics also have good stability and durability, making them suitable for long-term deployment in complex underwater environments.

2. Protective shell

Function: Protect internal electronic components from seawater corrosion and physical damage.

Characteristics: It is usually made of corrosion-resistant materials such as titanium alloy or stainless steel to ensure that the equipment maintains good performance in deep-sea high-pressure environments. Some models are also equipped with impact resistant design to further enhance their protective capabilities.

二、前置放大器

1. Amplifying circuit

Function: Preliminary amplification of received weak electrical signals for subsequent processing.

Features: Adopting a low-noise design to minimize signal distortion, while also having high input impedance to match piezoelectric ceramic sensors, ensuring maximum signal transmission efficiency.

2. Filter

Function: Remove noise interference from the signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

Features: Different filtering modes (such as low-pass, high pass, or band-pass) can be selected according to specific application scenarios to effectively suppress interference signals in non target frequency bands and ensure data quality.

3、 Analog to digital converter (ADC)

1. Sampling and Quantization

Function: Convert amplified analog signals into digital signals for computer processing.

Features: Supports high-precision ADC with up to 24 bit resolution, providing good dynamic range performance and accurate restoration even in the face of extremely weak acoustic signals.

2. Data synchronization and clock management

Function: Ensure synchronous data collection between multiple channels to avoid phase differences affecting measurement accuracy.

Features: Built in high-precision clock source, combined with external GPS module, can achieve nanosecond level time synchronization, especially suitable for multi node collaborative work in distributed array systems.

4、 Data storage and transmission module

1. Built in memory

Function: Used for temporarily saving collected data to prevent data loss due to network interruptions and other reasons.

Features: The capacity ranges from a few GB to tens of TB, meeting the need for long-term continuous recording. Some devices also support hot swappable memory cards for easy and fast data export.

2. Wireless/wired transmission interface

Function: Upload processed data in real-time to the control center or other terminal devices.

Characteristics: In addition to traditional RS-232 and USB interfaces, modern devices also widely adopt high-speed wireless communication technologies such as Wi Fi, Bluetooth, and even 5G, greatly improving data transmission speed and flexibility.