Instrumentation is an instrument or device used to detect, measure, observe, and calculate various physical quantities, substance compositions, physical property parameters, etc. Vacuum leak detectorpressure gaugeMeasuring instruments, microscopes, multipliers, etc. are all considered as instruments and meters.

Generally speaking, instruments and meters can also have automatic functionscontrolAlarmsignal transmissionAnd data processing and other functions, such as pneumatic control instruments used in industrial production process automation control, andElectric control instrument, as well as distributed instrument control systems, also belong to instrumentation.

Function and Function

Instruments and meters can improve, expand, or supplement human senses. People use their sensory organs to see, hear, taste, and touch external objects, and instruments such as microscopes, telescopes, sound level meters, acidimeters, pyrometers, and vacuum centrifugal concentrators can improve and expand these senses; In addition, some instruments and meters such as magnetometers, radiation counters, etc. can sense and measure physical quantities that human sensory organs cannot sense. There are also instruments and meters that can exceed human capabilities to record, calculate, and count, such as high-speed cameras, computers, etc.

Instruments are important "tools" for the development of science and technology. Mr. Wang Daheng, a scientist, pointed out that "machines are tools for transforming the world, and instruments are tools for understanding the world. Instruments are the "multipliers" of industrial production, the "pioneers" of scientific research, the "combat power" of military affairs, and the "materialized judges" of modern social activities. It goes without saying that instruments play a very important role in promoting the development of science and technology and the national economy in today's era.

1. Instruments are an important prerequisite and fundamental guarantee for the development of science and technology. Any major leap in human development is driven by tremendous innovation and fundamental change in tools, and the development and innovation of scientific instruments as "tools" are often important factors in driving technological innovation.

2. Instruments are an important guarantee for economic development and national defense security. Instruments are an important foundation for ensuring economic development and overall efficiency. Firstly, scientist Mr. Qian Xuesen pointed out that "the key technology of the new technological revolution is information technology. Information technology consists of three parts: measurement technology, computer technology, and communication technology. Measurement technology is the key and foundation.

3. Instruments are an important force in promoting the construction of a harmonious society. The depletion of resources and environmental pollution have become bottlenecks for the healthy development of society; Food safety issues, public emergencies, disease diagnosis, flammable and explosive chemical hazardous materials, etc. have had a serious impact on people's lives, and the solution to these major problems cannot be achieved without advanced detection technologies and methods.

4. Digitization and intelligence

5. Due to the improvement of microelectronics skills, instrumentation products are further integrated with microfabrication and PC skills, and the digitalization and intelligence of instrumentation are constantly advancing. Taking the concept of "DSPS" proposed by Texas Instruments in the United States as an example, with DSP chips as the center, we will jointly improve the processing solutions for the entire usage system, including mixed signal circuits, ASIC circuits, components, and pioneering things. Many new technologies such as Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), Surface Mount Technology (SMT), Multi Layer Circuit Board Printing, Wafer Planning Integration (WSI), and Multi Chip Module (MCM) have been adopted in instruments and meters. Computer aided techniques such as CAD, CAM, CAPP, and CAT have enabled multimedia skills, human-computer interaction, trance control, and artificial neuron collection to be widely used in modern instruments and meters.

6. Collectivization

7. Various intelligent instruments and meters have been gradually introduced to the market, and instruments and meters are undergoing in-depth intelligent innovation. The integrated testing system has also moved towards collection, with each instrument connected through GPIB bus and VXI bus.

8. miniaturization

9. MEMS products include automotive accelerometers, pressure sensors, chemical sensors, flow sensors, micro spectrometers, and other products, widely used in fields such as situational science, aerospace, biomedicine, automotive industry, military, and industrial control.

10. classification

    classification standard

    Instruments and meters are a comprehensive product of various scientific technologies, with a wide variety of varieties, widespread use, and constantly updated, with multiple classification methods. According to the purpose and use, there are mainly measuring instruments, automotive instruments, tractor instruments, marine instruments, aviation instruments, navigation instruments, driving instruments, radio testing instruments, carrier microwave testing instruments, geological exploration testing instruments, building materials testing instruments, earthquake testing instruments, geodetic surveying instruments, hydrological instruments, timing instruments, agricultural testing instruments, commercial testing instruments, teaching instruments, medical instruments, environmental protection instruments, etc.

    Product Instrumentation

    There are thirteen categories of instruments and meters belonging to the mechanical industry products, including industrial automation instruments, electrical instruments and meters, optical instruments, analytical instruments, laboratory instruments and devices, material testing machines, meteorological instruments, film machinery, photographic machinery, microfabrication machinery, instrument components, instrument materials, and instrument process equipment. They have strong universality, large batch sizes, or are necessary foundations for the instrumentation industry.

    feature classification

    Various instruments and meters can be further divided into several subcategories or subclasses based on their different characteristics, such as function, detection and control objects, structure, principles, etc. Like industry

    Automation Instrument

    Automation instruments can be divided into detection instruments, loop display instruments, regulating instruments, and actuators according to their functions; Among them, detection instruments are divided into temperature measuring instruments, pressure measuring instruments, flow measuring instruments, level measuring instruments, and mechanical quantity measuring instruments according to the measured physical quantity; Temperature measuring instruments are divided into contact temperature measuring instruments and non-contact temperature measuring instruments according to the measurement method; Contact temperature measuring instruments can be divided into thermoelectric, expansion, resistance, etc.