09,22,2026 22 views
Multibeam forward-looking sonarAs the core equipment of modern underwater exploration, it is widely used in fields such as marine engineering, underwater archaeology, sunken ship salvage, and resource exploration due to its high precision, wide coverage, and real-time imaging capabilities. It synchronously emits multiple narrow beams and receives reflected signals to form a three-dimensional seabed model, providing key data support for underwater operations. Based on specific application scenarios, analyze its technical advantages and operational standards.
1、 Core applications in underwater operations
1. Obstacle avoidance navigation and path planning
InAUVDuring the operation of autonomous underwater vehicles, multi beam forward-looking sonar passes through120°Ultra wide window real-time scanning of obstacles ahead. For example, NorwayKongsbergofHUGIN AUVcarry, mount, equip, deploy40kHzSonar can detect obstacles such as underwater cliffs and pipelines from hundreds of meters away, combined with ultra short baseline positioning system, dynamically plan safe routes, and avoid collision risks. Its dual frequency mode（750kHz/1200kHz）Flexible switching, catering to both long-range warning and close range high-precision imaging.
2. High precision topographic mapping
In“海床2030”In the plan, the multi beam forward-looking sonar uses dense depth measurement point data (single coverage of the sector)120°）Generate centimeter level resolution underwater topographic maps. The domestically produced shallow water multibeam system adoptsFMModulation signal, depth measurement resolution better than10Centimeters support projects such as port channel dredging and offshore wind farm foundation site selection, significantly improving operational efficiency.
3. Target detection and recognition
Low frequency side scan sonar can cover seabeds several kilometers wide and is used for large-scale searches of sunken ships, cultural relics, and other targets. After discovering suspected targets, synthetic aperture sonar or high-frequency multibeam sonar (such as1200kHz/2400kHz）It can provide millimeter level 3D imaging, penetrate surface sediments, and clearly present target structural details. Combined with machine learning algorithms, the system can automatically identify fish, reefs, and artificial objects, reducing manual intervention.
4. Adaptability to complex environments
In turbid water or strong current environments, phased array sonar technology effectively suppresses noise interference such as marine life vocalization and water flow fluctuations by electronically controlling the beam direction. For example, Bohai Shenheng'sBHQ-750dThe sonar adopts adaptive filtering technology, which can maintain signal stability in deep water areas and ensure accurate measurement results.
2、 Key precautions in underwater operations
1. Equipment installation and parameter calibration
Installation height: recommended within the scope of work10%(such as120Corresponding to the meter range12At a height of meters, to avoid image distortion caused by close proximity.
Tilt angle: It is recommended to tilt downwards10°—15°Balance the coverage of the seabed with the influence of acoustic shadows.
Sound speed calibration: Input correct parameters based on water temperature and salinity, with errors1%Can lead to10Centimeter depth measurement deviation. Pre assignment placement requiredSVPReal time measurement using a sound velocity profiler.
2. Environmental adaptability optimization
Sea condition restrictions: The sea conditions for operations should be controlled within3Below level, high roll（>5°）It will cause beam deflection and result in data loss.
Noise processing: In high noise environments such as rock areas, it is necessary to reduce the gain to reduce noise or increase the sonar height to reduce shadow occlusion.
Frequency selection: Use high frequency in shallow water areas (such as1200kHz）Obtain high-resolution images and switch to low frequency in deep water areas (such as40kHz）Enhance penetration power.
3. Data Collection and Post Processing Standards
Real time monitoring: During homework, it is necessary to observe screen feedback to ensure that there is no abnormal noise or signal loss. Maintain a stable speed (suggestion)1—2To avoid uneven distribution of data points.
Post processing flow: Using dynamic tide level correction and sound velocity profile compensation algorithms to eliminate errors. Generate 3D models through geometric registration and support exporting in a universal format (such as.dem）For subsequent analysis.
Log management: usingViewPointReal time recording of software.oculusFormat the log, set the maximum file size to avoid data overflow, and facilitate subsequent playback and replay.
4. Maintenance and Fault Prevention
Regular cleaning: Remove seaweed and salt from the sensor surface to prevent signal attenuation.
Cable inspection: Ensure a secure connection to avoid data interruption caused by looseness.
Software updates: Timely upgrade system versions, fix vulnerabilities, and improve algorithm performance.
3、 Technological development trends
withAIandMEMSThe integration of microelectromechanical systems technology is driving the development of multi beam forward-looking sonar towards miniaturization and intelligence. For example, domestic sonar is achieved through aerospace grade titanium alloy material1500Mi withstand voltage, combined with750kHz/1.2MHzDual frequency technology redefines deep-sea exploration standards. In the future, sonar will be more deeply integrated into platforms such as drones and underwater robots, driving ocean exploration towards automation and precision.
Multi beam forward-looking sonar continues to break through underwater detection boundaries through technological innovation, but its performance is highly dependent on standardized operating procedures. Strictly following installation, calibration, data processing, and maintenance standards is the core essence of ensuring the reliability of detection data and operational safety.
