09,18,2026 10 views
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Dam safety displacement monitoring is the core link of water conservancy engineering operation and maintenance. By continuously tracking the displacement of the dam body and surrounding geological bodies, a full cycle protection system covering "monitoring analysis warning disposal" is constructed. Unlike single device monitoring, safety displacement monitoring is a systematic project that requires a scientific monitoring plan to be developed based on engineering geological conditions, dam structure types, and operating conditions to ensure that the data can truly reflect the safety status of the dam body.
The construction of a monitoring system begins with the reasonable layout of monitoring points. The reference points should be set in a stable area that is not affected by the deformation of the dam, with a minimum of 3 points. The working reference points should be arranged around the dam body for easy observation and should be equipped with forced centering devices to reduce centering errors. Monitoring points are arranged according to the principle of "densification in key areas and uniformity in general areas". In stress concentration areas such as the upstream slope, dam heel, and dam toe of the dam body, the spacing between monitoring points can be controlled at 10-20 meters to ensure that there is no omission of deformation in key areas.
The selection of monitoring methods should balance accuracy and practicality. The traditional sight line method and polar coordinate method are still widely used in small and medium-sized dams with good visibility conditions. Among them, the sight line small angle method calculates displacement by measuring the angle deviation between the monitoring point and the reference line, and the angle measurement accuracy can reach 0.5 seconds. In large-scale water conservancy hubs, GNSS automated monitoring systems have become mainstream, with data updates up to once every 5 minutes, capable of capturing millimeter level dynamic changes in the dam body, especially suitable for continuous monitoring under special conditions such as flood season and earthquakes.
Data processing and warning mechanisms are the core of the monitoring system. The monitoring data needs to undergo processing steps such as coarse error elimination and environmental correction to eliminate the influence of factors such as temperature, air pressure, and refractive index. By using professional software to construct a displacement change model, when the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold (such as a single horizontal displacement exceeding 3mm), the system immediately triggers four levels of blue, yellow, orange, and red warnings, and notifies management personnel through SMS, platform push, and other means. A large reservoir once used this mechanism to issue timely warnings when monitoring the increase in seepage flow of the dam body accompanied by a displacement of 1.2mm, successfully dealing with the hidden danger of piping and ensuring downstream safety.
The value of dam safety displacement monitoring is also reflected in long-term operation and maintenance. Through years of data accumulation, the correlation between dam displacement, water level, and temperature can be analyzed, providing a basis for optimizing reservoir operation. In the dam reinforcement project, monitoring data can verify the reinforcement effect, guide the adjustment of construction plans, and achieve a virtuous cycle of "monitoring guided design, design optimized construction", allowing dam safety protection to run through the entire life cycle of the project.
