09,18,2026 10 views
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The rise of Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacement monitoring technology has changed the traditional dam monitoring mode, becoming a "digital sentinel" guarding dam safety with its all-weather, high-precision, and automated characteristics. This technology integrates multiple satellite signals such as Beidou and GPS, and achieves real-time capture of dam displacement through differential positioning algorithms, solving the problems of low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and environmental limitations in traditional manual monitoring. It is particularly suitable for safety monitoring of complex projects such as large reservoirs and high dams.
The core principle of GNSS displacement monitoring is based on the spatial positioning characteristics of satellite signals. GNSS receivers are installed as monitoring points at key locations of the dam, and reference stations are set up in stable areas to receive satellite signals synchronously with the monitoring points. By comparing the signal propagation time differences between the two, the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point are calculated using carrier phase difference (RTK) technology, and the coordinate change is the displacement data of the dam body. This technological path can achieve a monitoring accuracy of ± 1mm, which is sufficient to capture the small deformations of the dam body under water level fluctuations and temperature stress.
Compared with traditional monitoring methods, the advantages of GNSS monitoring are extremely prominent. First, it works continuously all day long, free from rainstorm, fog, night and other adverse conditions, and can continue to provide data support in key periods such as flood season; Secondly, the automation level is high, and the entire process of data collection, transmission, and processing does not require manual intervention, reducing human errors while lowering operation and maintenance costs. After the application of a certain reservoir, the monitoring manpower during the flood season was reduced from 6 people in shifts to 1 person on duty; Thirdly, it has a wide coverage area and can achieve comprehensive monitoring of the dam body, avoiding the blind spots of traditional monitoring methods.
The application of GNSS monitoring system requires the construction of a complete technical system. In terms of hardware, the monitoring terminal needs to have anti-interference and anti-aging characteristics, adapt to the humid and high salt spray environment of the dam, and have a design life of usually not less than 8 years; The transmission layer adopts fiber optic+4G/5G dual links to ensure encrypted data transmission and interruptible transmission; The data layer integrates multi-source data such as displacement, water level, and seepage pressure through an intelligent platform, and uses machine learning algorithms to identify abnormal patterns. When dangerous situations such as horizontal displacement of the dam exceeding 3 centimeters are detected, the system can directly link with the gate control system to form a closed loop for disposal.
The promotion of GNSS monitoring systems in small and medium-sized dams effectively addresses the shortcomings of traditional monitoring. Through high-frequency data collection and multidimensional analysis, not only can early hidden dangers be detected in a timely manner, but scientific basis can also be provided for the formulation of dam maintenance plans. With the integration of digital twin technology, GNSS monitoring data will be used to construct a virtual model synchronized with physical dams, enabling early prediction of safety risks and ushering in a new stage of intelligent water conservancy engineering safety management.
