Can microbiological testing bottles detect dead bacteria in addition to live ones?
Answer: Cannot detect dead bacteria.
Can microbiological testing bottles detect * * *?
Answer: The detection range of the test bottle includes * * * (Clostridium sulfite reducing Clostridia, Clostridium perfringens) as well as aerobic bacteria.
The reagents used in the detection bottles for detecting different types of microorganisms are different. For * * *, we have special reagents, such as detecting Clostridium perfringens.
3. What detection methods are used for the detection principles of bottles?
Answer: Culture dish method, enzyme method, * * method, gene method, etc.
Can you briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of these methods for question 3?
Answer: Unlike traditional culture medium methods, colloidal gold, enzyme immunoassay, and PCR methods, the German * * Microbial Rapid Detection System detector is a collection of multiple methods. Using a single detection method has its own drawbacks, such as:
PCR method requires professional technicians and expensive equipment;
The operation of the cultivation medium method is complex;
The colloidal gold method has low sensitivity;
Insufficient specific capture by enzyme immunoassay.
The German * * Microbial Detection Bottle Rapid Detection Series products are a comprehensive application of multiple methods mentioned above, absorbing the advantages of each method and making up for the shortcomings of various methods.
5. When using a microbiological testing bottle for microbiological testing, should the sample or sterile water be added first?
Answer: Either is possible.
6. Is it necessary to inoculate the sample with microorganisms in a sterile environment?
Answer: The detection bottle is analyzed by capturing specificity and combining multiple detection methods. Whether it is a sterile environment or not is acceptable (most of the testing sites are non sterile environments).
Can the detection bottle detect surface samples and solid samples?
Answer: Solid, liquid, and surface samples can be tested (by wetting the surface with sterile water using the provided cotton swab). Pulp and other paste like, paste like, and viscous substances can all be detected.
8. Do detection bottles need to undergo pre-treatment processes such as grinding and dilution when detecting solid samples?
Answer: Put the sample directly into the testing bottle without any pre-treatment.
What is the amount of sterile water used for each test?
Answer: Generally, it is 11ml. If testing liquid or water samples, it is recommended to add 1ml of sample and 10ml of sterile water.
10. After adding the sample and sterile water, is the step of "shaking well to fully dissolve and mix" necessary for both qualitative and quantitative analysis?
Answer: Yes, shaking well is a necessary step for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Is the incubation temperature the same for different microorganisms? Please provide examples to illustrate.
Answer: It's different. Most of them are at 37 degrees Celsius: total number of live bacteria, Salmonella, Listeria, etc., Escherichia coli at 44 degrees Celsius, etc. Please refer to the comparison table for details.
12. If testing samples such as cold dishes or ice cream, should incubation be carried out at low temperatures?
Answer: There is no limit on the temperature of the test sample itself. For microorganisms in the test sample, please strictly follow the incubation temperature corresponding to the microorganisms being tested, and still refer to the control table.
13. If you want to speed up the detection time, can the incubation temperature be adjusted to be higher than the incubation temperature corresponding to the detected microorganisms?
Answer: No, strictly follow the comparison table.
What is the sample size specified in the operation manual?
Answer: 0.1g-1.0g or 0.1ml-1.0ml.
If the sample size is higher than the specified sample size, will the test results be different, or will the test results (when quantifying) increase?
Answer: If the sample size is larger or smaller, the quantitative analysis results will not change.
Reason: Traditional microbiological testing methods, including official reference methods such as colony counting based on solid selective culture media, have inherent statistical dispersion (statistical term, also known as statistical variation, is the spread of variables or probability distributions, common examples being variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range) greater than 50%. Many laboratories have confirmed that biological detection methods have lower statistical dispersion and higher reliability compared to other detection methods. However, regardless, there is still a statistical dispersion of 25-30%. In addition, the statistical dispersion generated by sampling should also be considered
Solid meat products, especially those that are prone to microbial growth.
Therefore, the results obtained by adding 0.5g or 1.5g of sample are statistically equivalent (equivalent to the results obtained by any other method).
Can low-density bulk samples such as flour be tested as usual?
Answer: Sure.
17. Will dark samples like soy sauce affect the interpretation of qualitative testing results? Do you have any good suggestions?
Answer: If paired with a detector for quantitative analysis, there is no such problem; If qualitative analysis is only based on visual observation of discoloration, it is recommended to dilute dark samples before testing if there is concern that they may not be clearly recognizable by the naked eye. Do you remember the answer to question 15? The results obtained by adding 0.5g or 1.5g are statistically equivalent to those obtained by any other method. The same principle applies to dilution.
18. If testing water samples, do we still need to add sterile water? How much to add?
Answer: It is recommended to add 1ml of water sample and 10ml of sterile water.
Are the starting colors and positive colors corresponding to different microorganisms the same? Please provide examples to illustrate.
Answer: Different.
For example, the initial color of Salmonella after incubation for about 10 minutes is red, and the positive color is yellow; Listeria monocytogenes, initially blue in color, with a positive color of yellow(Please refer to the comparison table for details).
Does the German * * Microbial Rapid Detection System detector also have the function of an incubation machine?
Answer: Yes. Shake the detection bottle thoroughly and immediately put it into the detector. After setting the detection bacteria on the software.
The detector will automatically incubate and provide a quantitative analysis report.
Does the microbial detector also have the function of an oscillator?
Answer: Not available. Shake vigorously by hand for 2-3 minutes, or shake the shaker for about 20 seconds until fully dissolved or mixed.
What is the reading principle of a microbiological detector?
Answer: Microbial detector is a precision optical reading instrument. Accurately detect color changes in the bottle through optical principles and provide a quantitative analysis and detection report.
Is the microbiological detector powered by an external source or comes with a rechargeable battery?
Answer: The microbiological detector is currently powered by an external source, and portable power sources may be developed in the future.
24. How many detection bottles can the microbial detector detect simultaneously and independently?
Answer: 8. Simultaneously, independently detect and provide quantitative analysis reports separately.
25. Do I need to install analysis software on a computer for quantitative analysis with a microbial detector?
Answer: It is necessary to follow the supporting analysis software.
26. What computer operating system is compatible with the German * * Microbial Rapid Detection System analysis software?
Answer: XP, Vista, Windows 7
27. If the detector is powered on for the first time, how long does it take to wait before proceeding to the next step after connecting the power?
Answer: If you are starting up for the first time, it is advisable to stay for about 40 seconds after starting up and continue operating.
When using a detector for quantitative analysis, should the fully mixed detection bottle be immediately placed in the detector or wait for a moment before placing it in?
Answer: After thorough mixing, immediately put it into the detector.
After placing the detection bottle into the detector, click on "Start" in the analysis software of the detector. What color will the corresponding detection hole light on the software interface turn into?
Answer: Click "Start" on the corresponding operation interface of the detected bottle, and the indicator light of the corresponding hole will change from green to red. Indicates that the detection has started and is in progress.
30. After the detection is completed, what color will the light on the corresponding hole in the analysis software interface restore, indicating that the detection is complete and a new sample can be placed?
Answer: During the inspection, the indicator light is red. After the detection is completed, the indicator light turns green. At this point, it is possible to place a new detection bottle into the corresponding detection hole of the detector to start the next round of testing. The detection time is determined by the presence of bacteria (when the microbial content is high), or by the detection time corresponding to the control table (when the microbial content is low, it should exceed the detection time corresponding to 1 CFU in the control table).
What is the relationship between the analysis time of microbial detection bottles and the microbial content in the detection bottles?
Answer: There is an inverse relationship. The higher the microbial content, the shorter the corresponding detection time; The lower the microbial content, the longer the corresponding detection time. If the microbial content in the sample is too high, the quantitative analysis results of the detector will significantly change within minutes or even seconds; If the microbial content is very low (due to RVLM being a very precise and sensitive instrument), experienced use can preliminarily determine whether the target microbial content meets the specified requirements through changes in data over several hours or even minutes.
32. Before analyzing and testing, should there be a clear experimental purpose to determine the microbial content you want to test (according to national standards for the amount of microorganisms present)?
Answer: This is * good.
For example, according to national GB standards or international EC standards, there are clear (or partially clear) indications of the allowable maximum levels of microorganisms in different poultry and livestock species.
Specifically, when conducting microbiological testing, we must first clarify the purpose of the test. As stipulated in the international EC 2073:2005 standard, the maximum allowable amount of Escherichia coli in fresh meat is CFU 10 ^ 2/g, which means that the content of Escherichia coli in each gram of fresh meat cannot exceed CFU 10 ^ 2. At this point, based on the recruitment table, we find the column where E. coli is located and check the log CFU 10 ^ 2=2. That is, we find the number 2 in the E. coli row, which corresponds to the number 14 in column * *. Whether conducting qualitative analysis with the naked eye or quantitative analysis with a detector, it is necessary to detect whether the content of Escherichia coli in the sample exceeds CFU 10 ^ 2. A rigorous and accurate analysis result can be obtained within 14 hours.
If quantitative analysis is conducted on the detection bottle, experienced experimenters will make a preliminary judgment on the microbial content in the detection bottle based on the dynamic changes in quantitative analysis data within a short period of time (such as ten minutes).
What is the purpose of clearly detecting microbial content and what is the role of the reference table?
Answer: It is the basis for determining the incubation temperature, starting color, analysis time, and positive color standard control corresponding to the detected microorganisms. Please refer to the answer to the previous question for specific usage methods.
34. What is CFU?
Answer: Colony forming unit.
The abbreviation for the unit of formation of bacterial clusters obtained through cultivation.
The units of measurement for bacteria (visible) and * *. CFU:colony‐forming unit, Colony forming unit refers to the process of diluting a certain amount of bacterial liquid by pouring or coating, allowing the individual microbial cells inside to disperse one by one on an agar plate. After cultivation, each living cell forms a colony. Unlike the conventional measurement of microbial count using a microscope, it is mainly a unit for measuring the number of visible (i.e., in most cases, forming colonies) bacteria. The meaning is how many single cells are contained in each milliliter of bacterial liquid! Traditionally, it is called 'one'. However, we know that a colony is not necessarily generated by a single bacterium, but may also be generated by a cluster of bacteria (a cluster of bacteria). In this case, it is not very accurate to call it "individual". The accurate name is "colony forming unit", abbreviated as "CFU" in English. Just like "kilogram" and "kilogram", they are just called differently, but there is no change in quantity.
CFU stands for 'colony forming units'. CFU/mL refers to the total number of bacterial communities contained in each milliliter of sample, and CFU/g is also used to correspond to solid culture medium.
If I want to test the bacterial count of Escherichia coli in the sample, it must not exceed
106CFU/g or 106CFU/ml,
Observe the color changes in the bottle with the naked eye for qualitative analysis. Please refer to the "Incubation Temperature and Color Comparison Table" to describe the testing steps in detail.
Answer: * * Step: Insert the sample
Add the sample to be tested (0.1-1.0g, or 0.1-1.0ml), add 11ml of sterile water (depending on the condition of the test substance, if it is a liquid, it is recommended to add 1ml of sample and 10ml of sterile water. The difference is not significant), and close the bottle cap tightly.
**Step: Shake the bottle until the solvent is fully dissolved or mixed.
If you need to shake vigorously with your hands for about 2-3 minutes; Or shake with an oscillator, which takes about 20 seconds.
Step 3: Read the test results at the appropriate time
(1) If qualitatively analyzed with the naked eye. Determine the incubation temperature, starting color, detection time, positive color, and other information corresponding to the Escherichia coli population based on the reference table.
Incubation temperature: 37 ℃ according to the control table;
Starting color: The color that will appear after shaking well and incubating at 37 ℃ for about 10 minutes. According to the comparison table, it is red;
Testing time: We need to test the standard that the coliform group content does not exceed106CFU/g or106CFU/ml。 According to the comparison table, corresponding columnslog 106=6, Find the number 6 in the corresponding row as 6, which means the detection time is 6 hours. That is, the observation time is determined to be 6 hours.
Positive color: According to the control table, the positive color for Escherichia coli is yellow.
After confirming the following information, we placed the fully mixed detection bottle in a 37 ℃ constant temperature chamber and kept it there. After incubating for about 10 minutes, we will observe that the detection bottle will display the starting color corresponding to the detection of coliforms - red. Continue to place and observe for 6 hours. If the color turns yellow, it indicates that the amount of coliform bacteria in the sample exceeds106CFU/g or106CFU/ml, The sample is a non-conforming product; If it does not turn yellow but remains in its initial color of red or other intermediate colors, it indicates that the concentration of coliform bacteria in the sample does not exceed106CFU/g or106CFU/ml, The sample is a qualified product.
(2) If the detector performs quantitative analysis
Please refer to the next question for this step.
Step 4: Aseptic treatment
*Don't forget to press the top of the bottle cap to process the detection bottle. After pressing the bottle cap and shaking it, it is safe to discard.
Attention: When conducting experimental operations, do not touch the top of the cap of the test bottle to avoid improper aseptic treatment, which may affect the test results.
36. If using a detector for quantitative analysis in question 34, please provide detailed steps for the operation.
Answer: (2) If the detector performs quantitative analysis
Immediately place the fully mixed detection bottle into the detector.
Start the detector software, click on "Station" (status) to enter relevant information (including: inspector name, testing, customer to which the test sample belongs, testing time, etc.); Select the microbial species to be detected from the dropdown menu of "analysis type" in the software operation interface, click OK, click Start, and the indicator light will turn red,
Start entering the analysis state. Observe the quantitative analysis data changes of the detector and make judgments.
Why can't the cap of the test bottle be pressed before the end of the test?
Answer: Aseptic treatment. There are sterile substances in the bottle cap. Pressing the cap will allow the sterile substances in the cap to enter the bottle and react with the solvent inside, completing the sterile treatment. Therefore, please do not easily touch the cap of the detection bottle during the experiment.
Technical Q&A
Technicians are required to answer the following questions:
How many types of microorganisms can be detected by the detection bottle, and what are they?
Answer: Total number of live bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus, Clostridium sulfite reducing bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, Aspergillus, Aspergillus, yeast.
In the future, detection bottles for other microbial strains will be released one after another. Including Legionella bacteria, etc.
Can the detection bottle detect all strains of Escherichia coli (including the currently popular EHEC) when detecting Escherichia coli? )
Answer: Yes, all strains of Escherichia coli, including EHEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli O104, O111, O157, etc.), can be detected
What are the application scope of the detection bottle?
Answer: Hygiene control: Food (HACCP), kitchen, tools, surfaces (HACCP), water quality, (CDC) * * control, import and export inspection and quarantine, drugs and cosmetics.
Related to our daily lives: environmental monitoring agencies, agricultural products and related processing companies, water source testing and treatment plants, water distribution companies, pharmaceutical factories, pharmacies, cosmetics factories, analytical laboratories and HACCP diagnostics, dairy factories, cafes, restaurants, consumer protection groups, business management agencies, indoor air conditioning regulation companies, especially suitable for rapid food testing in military and large-scale exhibitions.
Do you think that E. coli testing bottles, Listeria testing bottles, and Salmonella testing bottles are suitable for medical purposes besides being used for food safety testing?
Answer: The three detection bottles for Escherichia coli (EHEC), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella can be used for in vitro clinical testing.
The global positioning of the Royal microbiological testing bottle series remains food safety. In Europe, clinical in vitro testing of human microbiota is very rare, and various aspects of safety control in Europe are well regulated. However, in developing countries, in vitro clinical testing of the three microorganisms mentioned above often occurs. The safety and accuracy of the above three detection bottles for in vitro clinical testing can be guaranteed.
The difference in market positioning between 4-in-1 test strips and detection bottles
1) Comparison between 4-in-1 test strips and detection bottles
When combined with its analyzer, a 4-in-1 test strip can simultaneously detect 48 test strips. Therefore, from the perspective of economic cost, it is recommended to check 48 pieces simultaneously when starting up. For hospitals, once 48 fecal samples are collected, they will be analyzed in one go.
Testing bottle, one sample can be used for inspection. And the bigger advantage is that this product will be very popular among doctors. Because doctors do not need to come into contact with samples, which is currently impossible for most hospital tests to achieve. Give the bottle to the patient and let them put in the stool sample themselves before sending it back to the doctor. The doctor takes the test bottle, shakes it evenly on the hospital's shaker, and places it in the incubator, waiting for the results to be interpreted.
2) Comparison between testing bottles and traditional testing methods currently used in hospitals
At present, the testing method in hospitals is still mostly the culture dish method. The thing that makes doctors dislike this method is that they have to come into contact with the sample. If a doctor is pregnant, the consequence of exposure to Listeria monocytogenes is miscarriage. If the testing station is not cleaned thoroughly, it can also easily lead to the spread of microorganisms.
Testing bottles, doctors do not need to touch the samples at all. The process of placing the sample into the testing bottle can be left to the patient to operate in the bathroom. What doctors need to do is simply shake well and incubate in an incubator (both oscillators and incubators are standard equipment in hospitals).
5. Whether it is solid, liquid, or surface samples, do they not require pre-treatment during testing?
Answer: Yes
What is the specificity of the German * * Microbial Rapid Detection System detector?
Answer: 99.999% (theoretical limit value)
What is the sensitivity of the detector?
Answer: The theoretical limit value for detecting one live bacterium can be reached.
How many steps are required for qualitative analysis and what are they?
Answer: Three steps: sample addition; Shake the bottle until fully dissolved and mixed; Read the results at the appropriate time (according to the comparison table). *Don't forget to press the top of the bottle cap for aseptic treatment afterwards.
How many steps are required for quantitative analysis and what are they?
Answer: Same as above. Please refer to the operation manual of the detector for details. .
What is the purpose of pressing the cap of the test bottle after testing?
Answer: Aseptic treatment, please refer to question 45 above.
What is the storage temperature of the detection bottle?
Answer: It can be stored at around 20 ℃ -25 ℃, which is convenient for transportation and beneficial for temporary inspection. But with the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, it is still important to pay attention to the storage temperature not exceeding 25 ℃ during summer, as this will affect the sensitivity of the detection bottle. However, if stored at 4 ℃, the shelf life can be extended by nearly twice.
What is the optimal storage temperature for extending the validity period of the test bottle?